Si bien hubo grandes pensadores a lo largo de la historia que hicieron referencia al concepto de «terror» (Kant y lo sublime, Hegel y el terror posrevolucionario francés, Heidegger y la significación ontológica del término, o la aproximación del psicoanálisis a lo siniestro), escasean aún los estudios vinculados a esta temática y los pocos que existen carecen de la profundidad adecuada para tratar este fenómeno. La presente edición cuenta con una serie de textos escritos por reconocidos especialistas (Vicente Serrano, (...) class='Hi'>Antonio Castilla, Arturo Leyte, Miguel Morey, Mauricio Mancilla Muñoz, Ana Carrasco Conde, Jorge Fernández Gonzalo y Enrique Lynch) que nos permitirán adentrarnos de lleno en el tema del terror y sus principales vinculaciones con la filosofía, el psicoanálisis, la literatura y la sociedad en general. ¿Qué es el terror? ¿Cómo interpretarlo? ¿Cómo se representa en la literatura y el cine? ¿Cuál es, realmente, su función política? La filosofía, el terror y lo siniestro nos da la llave para acceder a estas y a otras cuestiones y abre vías de reflexión que resultan de vital importancia para comprender los resortes que operan detrás de nuestra sociedad contemporánea. (shrink)

En una ocasión, Sartre dijo que Nietzsche es el único filósofo a quien todavía lee el hombre común. Y éste, por su parte, en otra ocasión escribió que Kant intentó defender la filosofía del hombre de la calle frente a los doctos, pero lo hizo utilizando el lenguaje de los doctos, motivo por el cual el hombre de la calle no le soporta. Tal vez esta última observación sirva para explicar buena parte del atractivo que Nietzsche tiene todavía para nosotros: (...) en efecto, él fue capaz de dotar de cierta ligereza el tratamiento de un puñado de cuestiones tan graves que la filosofía anterior casi no había sabido tratar sin recurrir a exageradas dosis de pesadez. Los artículos de los expertos sobre su obra que integran este volumen comparten el interés por ese espíritu de ligereza que Nietzsche introdujo en mayor medida que ningún otro pensador en la filosofía occidental. (shrink)

En 1987, Jacques Rancière publicó un libro sobre la experiencia y la teoría pedagógica de Joseph Jacotot titulado El maestro ignorante. Jacotot fue un profesor que, durante las primeras décadas del siglo XIX, suprimió toda explicación en sus lecciones. En lugar de explicar gramática francesa a sus alumnos holandeses, les confrontó directamente con un libro francés, animándoles a buscar las herramientas necesarias para su comprensión. Este método tenía resonancias políticas porque, según Jacotot, el privilegio de la explicación en la educación (...) es una manera de justificar la desigualdad entre individuos; así, el <> no sólo ignora la tarea de la emancipación, sino que es un obstáculo para llevarla adelante. Diecisiete años después, Rancière afirmó en otro texto, El espectador emancipado, que la concepción del espectador en las sociedades occidentales también está ligada a esa justificación de la jerarquía social. La intención de este artículo es exponer brevemente los vínculos entre estas tres emancipaciones (pedagógica, política y espectacular) en la obra de Rancière. (shrink)

Este trabajo de inves-tigación histórica trata de establecer algunos criterios para interpretar uno de los conflictos más notorios de cuantos suscitó la convivencia entre el cristianismo y el islam a lo largo de la Edad Media en la Penín-sula Ibérica. A partir de los infor-mes que se redactaron, a lo largo del siglo XVI, para la causa de su canonización, este artículo analiza algunas leyendas bajomedievales y las interpretaciones historiográficas modernas sobre el martirio, el año 834, de los 200 benedictinos (...) del monasterio de San Pedro de Cardeña, en Burgos. (shrink)

Introduction: Resilience is a multidimensional and dynamic construct associated with positive growth and the capacity to transform stressful and negative factors into opportunities of personal development and self-improvement when faced with difficult experiences. The resilience process of each individual integrates multiple analysis levels, which range from genetic-environmental interactions to a complex process of adaptation between the individual and his/her family, friends, co-workers, society, and culture.Objective: To determine whether resilience improves in students of occupational therapy when exposed for the first time (...) to practice placement education.Methodology: Quasi-experimental, prospective, observational, multi-center study with a sample composed of students from the Degree of Occupational Therapy of the public universities of Málaga and Castilla-La Mancha. Two weeks prior to the beginning of the practice education period, the participants completed a questionnaire that included sociodemographic data and the area of their internships. They were also given the Spanish version of the Connor-Davidson's resilience scale. All these instruments were also completed 1 week after the end of the clinical practice.Results: There were statistically significant differences between the variables that make up resilience and the different internship areas. On the other hand, there was a significant improvement of global resilience after the clinical practice period, in both women and men, when the internship area was not considered.Conclusions: The results show that resilient students are more optimistic and work to improve a situation beyond doing simply what is expected of them, knowing how to control their feelings. This is beneficial for students in practice education, since, during these, they face difficult situations that require a resilient pattern, which helps reduce stress and the burnout syndrome. (shrink)

El objetivo es la creación de una metodología de acercamiento a los estudiantes de canto, a través de la facilitación del aprendizaje de la didáctica vocal desde la perspectiva de la Cantoterapia y el Counseling, para que los profesores de canto trabajen con sus alumnos en tiempos de crisis personal o colectiva. Se analizarán los resultados de un cuestionario que involucra a 10 alumnos del curso desde el 2020 al 2022. Los Siete Momentos Básicos de la Clase de Canto han (...) sido vinculados con los Cinco Elementos Esenciales de la Intervención Inmediata y Masiva de Trauma a Medio Plazo de Hobfoll y colegas. (shrink)

Columbia University Press's multivolume _Prison Notebooks_ is the only complete critical edition of Antonio Gramsci's seminal writings in English. Based on the authoritative Italian edition of Gramsci's work, _Quaderni del Carcere_, this comprehensive translation presents the intellectual as he ought to be read and understood, with critical notes that clarify Gramsci's history, culture, and sources; an index of names; and a contextualization of the thinker's ideas against his earlier writings and letters. This set includes notebooks 1 through 8 with (...) all attendant notes and materials and is an indispensible resource for scholars in the humanities and social sciences. (shrink)

The publication of this book is an event in the making. All over the world scientists, psychologists, and philosophers are waiting to read Antonio Damasio's new theory of the nature of consciousness and the construction of the self. A renowned and revered scientist and clinician, Damasio has spent decades following amnesiacs down hospital corridors, waiting for comatose patients to awaken, and devising ingenious research using PET scans to piece together the great puzzle of consciousness. In his bestselling Descartes' Error, (...) Damasio revealed the critical importance of emotion in the making of reason. Building on this foundation, he now shows how consciousness is created. Consciousness is the feeling of what happens-our mind noticing the body's reaction to the world and responding to that experience. Without our bodies there can be no consciousness, which is at heart a mechanism for survival that engages body, emotion, and mind in the glorious spiral of human life. A hymn to the possibilities of human existence, a magnificent work of ingenious science, a gorgeously written book, The Feeling of What Happens is already being hailed as a classic. (shrink)

The strict lockdown experienced in Spain during March–June 2020 as a consequence of the COVID-19 crisis has led to strong negative emotions. Music can contribute to enhancing wellbeing, but the extent of this effect may be modulated by both personal and context-related variables. This study aimed to analyze the impact of the two types of variables on the perceived efficacy of musical behaviors to fulfill adults’ emotional wellbeing-related goals during the lockdown established in Spain. Personal variables included age, gender, musical (...) training, personality, resilience, and perception of music’s importance. Contextual variables referred to living in a region with a high COVID-19 impact, perception of belonging to a risk group, being alone, having caring responsibilities during confinement, and amount of time of music listening as compared to prior to the crisis. The study was conducted retrospectively during August–December 2020, when the strict lockdown was over in Spain. An online survey was disseminated among the general population and groups of musicians, and the answers of 507 adults were analyzed. Only personal, but not COVID-19 context-related variables, showed an impact on music’s efficacy. The youngest age group of adults and those with musical training reported the highest efficacy of music for wellbeing enhancement, and music’s importance was found to be the main significant predictor of music’s perceived efficacy. Our findings suggest that the people who have been reported to be emotionally more vulnerable during the lockdown, due to either a strong impact on their daily lives or their lower resilience, perceive a higher benefit from musical behaviors. Being musically trained, even for a small number of years, also leads to a perception of higher efficacy of music for the achievement of emotional wellbeing goals. However, this effect is explained by the musically trained individuals’ higher perception of music’s importance. Although musical behaviors can be generally considered as important for wellbeing enhancement, our study highlights who are the potential individuals who could benefit the most from music-related activities for obtaining better levels of wellbeing, at least within the current context of the COVID-19 crisis. (shrink)

. As a discipline, semiotics has gained recognition in many fields. Cultural background plays an important part in the field of the visual art. Given the rich cultural context of the pictorial hybridization Chinese-European in the early Qing dynasty, the pictorial works can be used in studying semiotics. This article addresses a discourse on some semiotic reflections in painting. It focuses on the application of the theory of the semiotic scientist Charles Peirce that has proven to be suitable for analyzing (...) pictorial works. The model chosen as a subject for investigation is a painting in ink on silk titled “Portrait of Qianlong’s Consort with Yongyan as a Child,” painted using Western techniques in the eighteenth century. The analysis of the portrait offers an appropriate basis to develop some semiotic reflections on this work of art by contributing to aesthetic and artistic awareness. Semiotic structures were employed to develop an understanding of the pictorial forms by turning each element into a tool of communication. The semiotic reading of this work is concerned with the visual art education and sensorial message of the painting. (shrink)

The attention to ethics has gradually become a concurrent topic of modern companies’ management. In the last years Social Responsibility has become a key issue in the strategic agenda of competitive agriculture cooperatives. However, reputation management has not been a visible strength in the cooperative enterprises. First of all, this work theoretically analyzes the relationship between Social Responsibility and reputation in cooperatives. Later, from a practical point of view, we carry on an empirical analysis focused on the olive oil cooperatives (...) in the south of Spain, in the province of Jaén. With respect to the previous studies on the topic, this work reveals a main reason of interest reinforcing the role of research in addressing real problems of cooperatives. The article points out the characteristics of this kind of agribusiness and shows the importance of the adoption of a responsible orientation in fostering reputation for creating sustainable competitive advantages. (shrink)

Se aborda en este trabajo un tema tan antiguo y general, pero al mismo tiempo tan actual, como las diferencias y posibles relaciones entre la materia y el espíritu. Se hace a través de la consideración de fenómenos como las «cosmovisiones», o interpretaciones generales de lo que es nuestro mundo y lo que los hombres hacemos en él, surgidos periódicamente en la humanidad como consecuencia de grandes descubrimientos y grandes teorías explicativas de la naturaleza de nuestro universo, incluyendo al hombre (...) dentro de él. Sugerimos que estamos entrando en la séptima cosmovisión y la definimos en términos generales. El perfeccionamiento de la especie humana fisiológica y mentalmente puede que sea uno de los resultados concretos a los que pueden dar lugar las nuevas interpretaciones y los cambios tecnológicos que las acompañan, así como la utilización de la Inteligencia Artificial Fuerte y la creación de robots humanoides y «máquinas espirituales». Más importante que todo ello, y a lo que especialmente nos referimos, es el hecho de que la nueva etapa del hombre ante la que estamos, puede caracterizarse por un mayor papel del espíritu, la consciencia, y la subjetividad en la marcha de nuestro mundo, algo a lo que contribuyen las nuevas concepciones relacionadas con la Mecánica Cuántica y con la posibilidad de existencia de un Universo Consciente. (shrink)

Casi de manera simultánea, en los comienzos del llamado post-estructuralismo los filósofos franceses Michel Foucault y Jean-François Lyotard se interesaron por la sofística. El primero mantuvo la clásica confrontación entre el pensamiento filosófico y el sofístico con vistas a afianzar su propio planteamiento sobre la cuestión de la “verdad”, mientras que el segundo autor intentó derribar las fronteras entre ambos saberes. Lo que estaba en juego en estas dos lecturas enfrentadas era una reflexión sobre los medios de que dispone la (...) filosofía para intervenir en el ámbito político. Para Foucault, es el decirle la verdad al político “parresiásticamente” lo que caracteriza al filósofo frente al taimado sofista y garantiza una influencia en un gobierno de la polis recto. En cambio Lyotard, a partir de su idea de la política “pagana”, creía necesario operar un giro sofístico sobre la filosofía para que ésta, desde una posición no exterior a la política, pueda suscitar transformaciones de otro modo imposibles. Este artículo analiza las lecturas que de la sofística ofrecieron los dos pensadores franceses, mostrando su originalidad y relevancia para el panorama filosófico contemporáneo. (shrink)

Los numerosos estudios que continuamente se dedican a la Escuela de Salamanca demuestran que el interés de sus ideas está lejos de agotarse. No solamente quedan por dilucidar aspectos relevantes del pensamiento de sus autores más conocidos, sino que también está pendiente en gran parte el análisis de las aportaciones de miembros de la Escuela que no ocuparon la primera fila, pero cuyas contribuciones –por uno u otro motivo- no carecieron de algún interés. A ello debe unirse la actividad editora (...) de fuentes, que todavía tiene un amplio camino por recorrer, aunque lo publicado en los últimos treinta años haya sobrepasado en cantidad y calidad a lo aparecido en el resto del siglo XX. Cabe, además, añadir a estas tareas nuevos campos de estudio, hasta ahora dejados de lado por la prioridad de la que han gozado los que han acabado por convertirse en tradicionales, como el jurídico, político, moral, económico o teológico, pero que parece llegado el momento de abordar. (shrink)

TThe Pauline metaphor of corpus Christi, used abundantly by Erasmus in his writings, has had an enormous influence on Spanish sixteenth-century thought, giving rise to different interpretations of the corpus mysticum. However, what has has not been studied to this extent is its scope and meaning in the Dutch humanist, who makes a use of it which is more loaded with utopianism than what we see in the thinking of his Hispanic followers. The result is a difficulty in its political (...) implementation, on the one hand increasing the autonomy of Spanish Erasmism from its inspirer, and, on the other, allowing us to explain the eclipse of Erasmism after the death of its founder. (shrink)

Antonio Negri, one of the world's leading scholars on Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) and his contemporary legacy, offers a straightforward explanation of the philosopher's elaborate arguments and a persuasive case for his ongoing relevance. Responding to a resurgent interest in Spinoza's thought and its potential application to contemporary global issues, Negri demonstrates the thinker's special value to politics, philosophy, and related disciplines. Negri's work is both a return to and an advancement of his initial affirmation of Spinozian thought in _The (...) Savage Anomaly_. He further defends his understanding of the philosopher as a proto-postmodernist, or a thinker who is just now, with the advent of the postmodern, becoming contemporary. Negri also connects Spinoza's theories to recent trends in political philosophy, particularly the reengagement with Carl Schmitt's "political theology," and the history of philosophy, including the argument that Spinoza belongs to a "radical enlightenment." By positioning Spinoza as a contemporary revolutionary intellectual, Negri addresses and effectively defeats twentieth-century critiques of the thinker waged by Jacques Derrida, Alain Badiou, and Giorgio Agamben. (shrink)

Scientists are rapidly mapping the chemical and physical pathways that constitute biological systems, making the complexity of processes such as inheritance, development, evolution, and even the origin of life increasingly tractable. Through genetics and neuroscience, biological understanding is now being extended deeply into the human sciences and has begun to transform our understanding of behavior, mind, culture, and values. The idea of a science-driven unity of knowledge has reemerged in several forms in both reductionist and nonreductionist frameworks. This volume examines (...) some of the extraordinary empirical discoveries that have caused a revival of this idea and presents theories from thinkers in a variety of disciplines, including E. O. Wilson, Eric Kandel, and Elaine Scarry. (shrink)

It may be quite rightly stated that the EFQM Model of the European Foundation for Quality Management is the basic reference model for those organisations whose aim is to achieve excellence. It offers an integral and integrating approach to the most relevant dimensions of the reality of the organisation and permits the establishment of framework that is both objective and rigorous and based on a structured diagnosis.The EFQM Excellence Model is based on a humanist approach that situates the client (in (...) all aspects/senses) as the centre and ultimate reason of the activity of the organisation, emphasizing the role of the latter as a responsible member of the community. An ethical approach is therefore adopted as the best way to serve the long-term interest of the organisation and the people that integrate it (as well as their sustainability in time), exceeding expectations and the policy of society in general. (shrink)

It may be quite rightly stated that the EFQM Model of the European Foundation for Quality Management is the basic reference model for those organisations whose aim is to achieve excellence. It offers an integral and integrating approach to the most relevant dimensions of the reality of the organisation and permits the establishment of framework that is both objective and rigorous and based on a structured diagnosis. The EFQM Excellence Model is based on a humanist approach that situates the client (...) (in all aspects/senses) as the centre and ultimate reason of the activity of the organisation, emphasizing the role of the latter as a responsible member of the community. An ethical approach is therefore adopted as the best way to serve the long-term interest of the organisation and the people that integrate it (as well as their sustainability in time), exceeding expectations and the policy of society in general. This article analyses in depth, and from the point of view of ethics (one of the key aspects in the search for excellence), the possible ethical implications in the deployment of the nine basic criteria of the EFM Excellence Model which facilitate the understanding of the most relevant dimensions of the reality of an organisation. (shrink)

Arte, educación y comunidad en la estética pedagógica Resumen: Una de las corrientes estéticas contemporáneas más pujantes, la «estética pedagógica», planteó desde sus comienzos la combinación entre el arte y la educación. Las creaciones respaldadas por esta orientación se basan en muchas de las ideas de las pedagogías críticas de los años 60 e igualmente en los presupuestos de las llamadas últimas vanguardias artísticas. Todas ellas comparten un mismo espíritu emancipador en sintonía con las teorías más críticas con la sociedad (...) de producción capitalista. Pero en los últimos años la «estética pedagógica» se ha visto empujada a problematizar la cuestión de la «comunidad» desde diferentes puntos de vista, partiendo de la base de que no puede haber educación ni arte sin un replanteamiento del espacio en común que ambos ponen en juego. Palabras clave: Arte. Educación. Política. Comunidad. Art, Education and Community in Pedagogical Aesthetics: one of the most thriving contemporary aesthetic trends, «Pedagogical Aesthetics», raised from its beginnings the combination between art and education. The creations supported by this orientation are based on many of the ideas of the critical pedagogies of the 60s and also on the budgets of the so-called latest artistic avant-gardes. All of them share the same emancipatory spirit in tune with the most critical theories with the capitalist production society. But in recent years the «pedagogical aesthetic» has been pushed to problematize the question of «community» from different points of view, based on the fact that there can be no education or art without a rethinking of the common space that both put into play. Keywords: Art. Education. Politics. Community Arte, educação e comunidade em estética pedagógica Resumo: uma das tendências estéticas contemporâneas mais prósperas, a «estética pedagógica», levantou desde o início a combinação entre arte e educação. As criações apoiadas por essa orientação baseiam-se em muitas das idéias das pedagogias críticas dos anos 60 e também nos orçamentos das chamadas vanguardas artísticas mais recentes. Todos eles compartilham o mesmo espírito emancipatório em sintonia com as teorias mais críticas da sociedade capitalista de produção. Mas, nos últimos anos, a «estética pedagógica» foi levada a problematizar a questão da «comunidade» de diferentes pontos de vista, com base no fato de que não pode haver educação ou arte sem repensar o espaço comum que ambos Eles colocam em jogo. Palavras-chave: Arte. Educação. Política. Comunidade. Data de registro:16/06/2020 Data de aceite: 22/07/2020. (shrink)

En las últimas décadas, dos líneas de pensamiento han querido hacerse cargo de la necesidad de pensar “lo común” desde coordenadas ontológicas. Una, representada principalmente por Jean-Luc Nancy y Alain Badiou, retoma los análisis de Heidegger sobre el Mitsein; la otra parte de los análisis que Toni Negri hace de la noción de “multitud” de Spinoza. Estas dos “ontologías de lo común” han dado pie a sendas estéticas que persiguen una finalidad política. Este trabajo estudia estas tendencias con el fin (...) de determinar qué tipo de noción de “lo común” manejan. La tesis esgrimida es la de que la interpretación que hacen de aquellas ontologías es errónea y que la “comunidad” presente en ellas está más próxima al sensus communis kantiano. (shrink)

Persuasive technologies can adopt several strategies to change the attitudes and behaviors of their users. In this work I synthesize the lessons learned from three empirical case studies on automated persuasion that have been carried out in the last decade in the contexts of: persuasive news recommendations, social robotics, and e-commerce, respectively. In particular, such studies have assessed, in the technological domain, the effects of nudging techniques relying on well known persuasive argumentation schemas and on framing strategies. In discussing the (...) main findings, I will argue that the obtained persuasive effects are due to the fact that such techniques leverage on cognitive mechanisms that refer to the “system 1” types of automatic processes hypothesized in the context of the dual process theory of reasoning. As a consequence of this state of affairs, any automated persuasive systems (used for ethical purposes: e.g. suggesting good health habits) should be able to re-use these types of system 1 strategies in order to gradually take the users in an argumentation territory where system 2 processes can take place. -/- . (shrink)

Intentar explicar el origen, evolución y violación de un tabú considerado casi universal en las sociedades humanas no es una empresa sencilla dado su carácter polifacético; sin embargo, ello no ha impedido que en muchos ordenamientos jurídicos sea empleado ese sentimiento de repulsión o asco como un elemento para criminalizar una relación sexual aparentemente ofensiva. El artículo sostiene que el matrimonio es la única forma en que las prácticas sexuales entre parientes en condición de igualdad pueden tener lugar. Para ello: (...) I. Presentaremos algunas teorías que ofrecen respuestas a las incógnitas en torno al tabú, II. Veremos por qué para Kant el incesto es un crimina carnis contra naturam en un caso, y secundum naturam en el otro. III. Examinaremos qué es el matrimonio para el filósofo y por qué constituye un ideal regulativo-práctico de las relaciones sexuales humanas. Por último, consideramos argumentos en contra de esta propuesta. (shrink)

La comparación entre el concepto de estado de naturaleza, tal y como aparece en las teorías contractualistas de los siglos XVII y XVIII, y la posición original de la teoría de la justicia de John Rawls, sirve para poner de manifiesto los supuestos, dificultades y limitaciones de esta última. A pesar de sus pretensiones, la posición original no justifica la búsqueda y existencia de una sociedad bien ordenada, y está lejos de alcanzar la brillantez y coherencia con la que sus (...) antecesores (Hobbes, Locke o Rousseau) argumentaron a favor de sociedades donde reinara la seguridad, la libertad o la igualdad. Además, Rawls, al reducir la justicia a un bienestar material que ha de llegar, desconoce el importante papel que la memoria histórica desempeña a la hora de reclamar la resolución de las injusticias del pasado. (shrink)

The theory of the social responsibility of the firm oscillates between two extremes: one that reduces the firm's responsibility to the obtainment of (the greatest possible) profit for its shareholders, and another that extends the firm's responsibility to include a wide range of actors with an interest or "stake" in the firm. The stakeholder theory of the social responsibility of business is more appealing from an ethical point of view, and yet it lacks a solid foundation that would be acceptable (...) to a variety of schools of thought.In this paper I argue that the stakeholder theory could be founded on the concept of the common good. First, I explain the foundations of the theory of the common good, the concept itself, how it relates to the individual good, and its role in the firm. Following that, I explain how the theory of the common good could be applied to the stakeholder theory. Finally, I draw some conclusions. (shrink)